"houwen" meaning in Middle Dutch

See houwen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Old Dutch houwan, from Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną (“to hew, forge”). Etymology templates: {{inh|dum|odt|houwan}} Old Dutch houwan, {{inh|dum|gmw-pro|*hauwan}} Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, {{inh|dum|gem-pro|*hawwaną||to hew, forge}} Proto-Germanic *hawwaną (“to hew, forge”) Head templates: {{head|dum|verb|head=|head2=}} houwen, {{dum-verb}} houwen Inflection templates: {{dum-conj-st|houw|hiew|hiew|gehouwen|class=7}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], houwen [error-unrecognized-form, infinitive], houwens [genitive, infinitive], houwene [dative, infinitive], houwe [first-person, indicative, present, singular], hieu [first-person, indicative, past, singular], houwe [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], hiewe [first-person, past, singular, subjunctive], hous [indicative, present, second-person, singular], houwes [indicative, present, second-person, singular], hieus [indicative, past, second-person, singular], hiewes [indicative, past, second-person, singular], hous [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], houwes [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], hiewes [past, second-person, singular, subjunctive], hout [indicative, present, singular, third-person], houwet [indicative, present, singular, third-person], hieu [indicative, past, singular, third-person], houwe [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], hiewe [past, singular, subjunctive, third-person], houwen [first-person, indicative, plural, present], hiewen [first-person, indicative, past, plural], houwen [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], hiewen [first-person, past, plural, subjunctive], hout [indicative, plural, present, second-person], houwet [indicative, plural, present, second-person], hieut [indicative, past, plural, second-person], hiewet [indicative, past, plural, second-person], hout [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], houwet [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], hiewet [past, plural, second-person, subjunctive], houwen [indicative, plural, present, third-person], hiewen [indicative, past, plural, third-person], houwen [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], hiewen [past, plural, subjunctive, third-person], hou [imperative, indicative, present, singular], houwe [imperative, indicative, present, singular], hout [imperative, indicative, plural, present], houwet [imperative, indicative, plural, present], houwende [imperative, participle, present], gehouwen [imperative, participle, past]
  1. to chop, to hew
    Sense id: en-houwen-dum-verb-nNkCSSZP
  2. to chop down, to fell
    Sense id: en-houwen-dum-verb-o5KfGrHl
  3. to chop into pieces
    Sense id: en-houwen-dum-verb-82G8IxtT
  4. to slash
    Sense id: en-houwen-dum-verb-ihjIZCmR
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "houwen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: houwen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: houwen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "hou"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: hou",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: hou"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "houwe"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: houwe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: houwe"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "houwan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch houwan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*hauwan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hauwan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hawwaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to hew, forge"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hawwaną (“to hew, forge”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch houwan, from Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną (“to hew, forge”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwens",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwene",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hieu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hieus",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hout",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hieu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hout",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hieut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hout",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hout",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwende",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gehouwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "houwen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "houwen",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "houw",
        "2": "hiew",
        "3": "hiew",
        "4": "gehouwen",
        "class": "7"
      },
      "name": "dum-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to chop, to hew"
      ],
      "id": "en-houwen-dum-verb-nNkCSSZP",
      "links": [
        [
          "chop",
          "chop"
        ],
        [
          "hew",
          "hew"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to chop down, to fell"
      ],
      "id": "en-houwen-dum-verb-o5KfGrHl",
      "links": [
        [
          "chop down",
          "chop down"
        ],
        [
          "fell",
          "fell"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to chop into pieces"
      ],
      "id": "en-houwen-dum-verb-82G8IxtT",
      "links": [
        [
          "chop",
          "chop"
        ],
        [
          "piece",
          "piece"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to slash"
      ],
      "id": "en-houwen-dum-verb-ihjIZCmR",
      "links": [
        [
          "slash",
          "slash"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "houwen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Dutch class 7 strong verbs",
    "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle Dutch lemmas",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "houwen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: houwen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: houwen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "hou"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: hou",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: hou"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "houwe"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: houwe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: houwe"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "houwan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch houwan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*hauwan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hauwan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hawwaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to hew, forge"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hawwaną (“to hew, forge”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch houwan, from Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną (“to hew, forge”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwens",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwene",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hieu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hieus",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hout",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hieu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hout",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hieut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hout",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hiewen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hout",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "houwende",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gehouwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "houwen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "houwen",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "houw",
        "2": "hiew",
        "3": "hiew",
        "4": "gehouwen",
        "class": "7"
      },
      "name": "dum-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to chop, to hew"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chop",
          "chop"
        ],
        [
          "hew",
          "hew"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to chop down, to fell"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chop down",
          "chop down"
        ],
        [
          "fell",
          "fell"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to chop into pieces"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chop",
          "chop"
        ],
        [
          "piece",
          "piece"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to slash"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "slash",
          "slash"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "houwen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for houwen meaning in Middle Dutch (6.3kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: houwen/Middle Dutch 'base form' base_tags={'infinitive'}",
  "path": [
    "houwen"
  ],
  "section": "Middle Dutch",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "houwen",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (87ad358 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.